You're much better off finding a 24 VDC adapter. All the components will be designed to the specifications the adapter is made for. Trying to piece together a full wave rectifier with loose components without knowing the specs of the adapter you're using is looking for trouble. There's generally more to a rectifier than a few diodes. Many rectifier circuits include resistors, capacitors & coils to further filter the AC signal.
Might have to look a little harder for a 24 VDC adapter but they are available. Example, the EcoTech VorTech power supplies are 24 VDC. Costly option, but I'm sure if you search around on the net, you'll find something suitable for a reasonable price.
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