Filtration is mechanical/biological ie. sponge, bioballs, ceramic rings. Nitrate control is not a focus in FW, as water changes are most effective, and in FW......very CHEAP.
No skimmiming, the bubbles can't be that small in FW, I've tried.
Canisters are great, usually sponge then ceramic rings, then carbon/other chem, then out to the tank.
The Nitrogen cycle still applies in FW, and flow is also a good thing in FW, allthough not as crucial as in SW.
You want lots of surface area for filtration, that's why FW employs bioballs, sponges, ect.
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